Inyungu zo Gukoresha Gupakira
Gupakira plastike bidufasha kurinda, kubungabunga, kubika no gutwara ibicuruzwa muburyo butandukanye.
Hatabayeho gupakira plastike, ibicuruzwa byinshi abaguzi bagura ntabwo byakora urugendo rugana murugo cyangwa mububiko, cyangwa kubaho mubuzima bwiza igihe kirekire kuburyo byakoreshwa cyangwa gukoreshwa.
1. Kuki Gukoresha Ibikoresho bya Plastike?
Hejuru ya byose, plastike zikoreshwa kubera guhuza inyungu zidasanzwe batanga;Kuramba: Urunigi rurerure rwa polymer rugizwe nibikoresho bya plastiki bituma bigorana kumeneka bidasanzwe.Umutekano: Gupakira plastike ntibishobora kumeneka kandi ntibigabanyamo ibice bishobora guteza akaga iyo bimanutse.Ukeneye ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye umutekano wapakira plastike, kimwe numutekano wacyo uhuye nibiryo, sura umutekano wapakira plastike.
Isuku: Gupakira plastike nibyiza kubipakira ibiryo, imiti na farumasi.Irashobora kuzuzwa no gufungwa nta gutabara kwabantu.Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, byombi bya plastiki nibikoresho byongeweho, byuzuza amategeko yose y’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku rwego rw’igihugu cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.Ibicuruzwa bya plastiki bisanzwe bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byubuvuzi muguhuza cyane nuduce twumubiri kandi bigahuza nibipimo bihanitse byumutekano mugukoresha ubuzima bwabo.
Umutekano: Gupakira plastike birashobora gukorwa kandi bigakoreshwa hamwe no gufunga abana kugaragara.Gukorera mu mucyo bifasha abakoresha gusuzuma imiterere y'ibicuruzwa mbere yo kugura.Uburemere bworoshye: Ibikoresho byo gupakira bya plastiki biri muburemere ariko bifite imbaraga nyinshi.Kubwibyo ibicuruzwa bipakiye muri plastiki biroroshye kuzamura no gukoreshwa nabaguzi hamwe nabakozi murwego rwo kugabura.Igishushanyo mbonera cyubwisanzure: Imiterere yibikoresho ihujwe nuburyo butandukanye bwa tekinoroji yo gutunganya ikoreshwa mu nganda, guhera ku gutera inshinge no guhanagura ibicanwa kugeza kuri thermoforming, bituma habaho umusaruro utagira ingano wibikoresho bipfunyika.Byongeye kandi, intera nini yo gusiga amabara hamwe no koroshya gucapa no gushushanya byorohereza kumenyekanisha amakuru namakuru kubakoresha.
2. Gupakira ibihe byose Imiterere yubuhanga bwa plastiki hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho fatizo hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya butuma habaho gupakira muburyo butandukanye butagira ingano, amabara nibintu bya tekiniki.Mubyukuri ikintu cyose gishobora gupakirwa muri plastiki - amazi, ifu, ibinini na kimwe cya kabiri.3. Umusanzu mu Iterambere Rirambye
3.1 Gupakira plastike bizigama ingufu Kuberako ari plastike yoroheje gupakira birashobora kubika ingufu mugutwara ibicuruzwa bipakiye.Amavuta make arakoreshwa, hari imyuka ihumanya kandi, byongeye, hariho kuzigama ibiciro kubagurisha, abadandaza n'abaguzi.
Inkono ya yogurt ikozwe mu kirahure ipima garama 85, mugihe imwe ikozwe muri plastiki ipima garama 5.5.Mu ikamyo yuzuyemo ibicuruzwa bipakiye mu bibindi by'ibirahure 36% by'imizigo byabarirwa mu gupakira.Niba ipakiye mumifuka ya pulasitike ibipfunyika byagera kuri 3.56% gusa.Gutwara ubwinshi bwa yogurt amakamyo atatu arakenewe mubikono byibirahure, ariko bibiri gusa kubibindi bya plastiki.
3.2 Gupakira plastike nuburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha umutungo Kubera imbaraga nyinshi / uburemere bwibipimo bya plastiki birashoboka gupakira ibicuruzwa byatanzwe hamwe na plastiki aho kubikoresha ibikoresho gakondo.
Byerekanwe ko niba hatabayeho gupakira plastike kuboneka muri societe kandi hakaba hakenewe kwitabwaho nibindi bikoresho muri rusange ibikoreshwa mu gupakira ibicuruzwa byinshi, ingufu hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byiyongera.3.3 Gupakira plastike birinda imyanda y'ibiribwa Hafi 50% by'ibiribwa byose byajugunywe mu Bwongereza biva mu ngo zacu.Duta toni miliyoni 7.2 z'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa mu ngo zacu buri mwaka mu Bwongereza, kandi kimwe cya kabiri cyabyo ni ibiryo n'ibinyobwa twashoboraga kurya.Gupfusha ubusa ibyo biryo bisaba urugo rusanzwe £ 480 kumwaka, bikazamuka bigera kuri 80 680 kumuryango ufite abana, bihwanye n £ 50 buri kwezi.
Kuramba no gufunga ibicuruzwa bya plastiki birinda ibicuruzwa kwangirika kandi byongera igihe cyo kubaho.Hamwe nogupakira ikirere cyahinduwe gikozwe muri plastiki, ubuzima bwubuzima burashobora kwiyongera kuva muminsi 5 kugeza kumunsi 10, bigatuma igihombo cyibiribwa mumaduka kigabanuka kiva kuri 16% kikagera kuri 4% .Ubusanzwe inzabibu zagurishijwe mubice bidakabije.Umuzabibu ubu ugurishwa mumurongo ufunze kugirango izirekuye zigume hamwe.Ibi byagabanije imyanda mububiko mubisanzwe hejuru ya 20%.
3.4 Gupakira plastike: guhora utezimbere binyuze mu guhanga udushya Hariho amateka akomeye yo guhanga udushya mu nganda zipakira plastike mu Bwongereza.
Iterambere rya tekiniki hamwe na flair flair byagabanije ubwinshi bwibipfunyika bya plastiki bikenerwa mugupakira ibicuruzwa runaka mugihe kitarinze gutamba imbaraga cyangwa igihe kirekire.Kurugero icupa rya litiro 1 yamashanyarazi icupa ipima 120gms mumwaka wa 1970 ubu ipima 43gms gusa, kugabanuka 64%.4 Gupakira plastike bivuze ingaruka nke kubidukikije
4.1 Ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaze murwego - kuzigama karubone hamwe nububiko bwa plastiki Ibipfunyika bya plastiki bivugwa ko bingana na 1.5% gusa yo gukoresha peteroli na gaze, nkuko BPF ibigereranya.Ibikoresho byubaka imiti ya plastiki ibikoresho fatizo biva mubicuruzwa bitunganijwe muburyo bwambere bitari gukoreshwa mubindi.Mu gihe igice kinini cya peteroli na gaze bikoreshwa mu gutwara no gushyushya, akamaro k’ibikoreshwa mu gukora plastiki byongerwa no kongera gutunganya plastiki ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kugarura ingufu zayo mu mpera z’ubuzima bwayo mu myanda ikajya mu nganda z’ingufu.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2004 muri Kanada bwerekanye ko gusimbuza ibipfunyika bya pulasitiki n'ibindi bikoresho birimo gukoresha ingufu za gigajoules miliyoni 582 kandi bizatanga toni miliyoni 43 z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.Ingufu zazigamye buri mwaka ukoresheje ibipfunyika bya plastiki bihwanye na barriel miliyoni 101.3 za peteroli cyangwa ingano ya CO2 yakozwe n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi miliyoni 12.3.
4.2 Kongera gukoreshwa mubipfunyika bya plastiki Ubwoko bwinshi bwo gupakira plastike ni ndende - ibihangano byubuzima.Ibisanduku bisubizwa, kurugero, bifite ubuzima bwimyaka irenga 25 cyangwa irenga kandi imifuka yongeye gukoreshwa igira uruhare runini mugucuruza neza.
4.3.Amategeko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yemerera gukoresha plastike yongeye gukoreshwa mu bipfunyika bishya bigenewe ibiribwa.
Muri Kamena 2011, Komite Ngishwanama ya Guverinoma ishinzwe gupakira (ACP) yatangaje ko mu mwaka wa 2010/11 24.1% by'ibipfunyika bya pulasitiki byose byongeye gukoreshwa mu Bwongereza kandi ibyo byagezweho bikaba birenze igipimo cya 22.5% byavuzwe na guverinoma.Inganda zikoreshwa mu gutunganya plastike mu Bwongereza ni imwe mu zifite ingufu mu bihugu by’Uburayi hamwe n’amasosiyete agera kuri 40 agize itsinda rya BPF ryita ku kongera umusaruro. Gutunganya toni 1 y’amacupa ya pulasitike bizigama toni 1.5 ya karubone kandi icupa rimwe rya pulasitike rizigama ingufu zihagije zo gukoresha itara rya watt 60 kuri Amasaha 6.
4.4 Ingufu ziva mumyanda Ipaki ya plastike irashobora gukoreshwa inshuro esheshatu cyangwa zirenga mbere yuko imitungo yayo igabanuka.Iyo ubuzima bwayo burangiye, gupakira plastiki birashobora gushyikirizwa ingufu ziva muri gahunda.Plastike ifite agaciro keza cyane.Igitebo kivanze cyibicuruzwa bya plastiki bikozwe muri Polyethylene na Polyproplylene, kurugero, kuri 45 MJ / kg, bifite agaciro keza cyane karori kuruta amakara kuri 25 MJ / kg.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-23-2021