Ibiranga gutwika PVC ni uko bigoye gutwika, kuzimya ako kanya nyuma yo kuva mu muriro, urumuri ni umwotsi w'umuhondo n'umweru, kandi plastike yoroshye iyo yaka, itanga impumuro mbi ya chlorine.
Polyvinyl chloride resin ni plastike igizwe nibice byinshi.Inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zirashobora kongerwaho ukurikije imikoreshereze itandukanye.Kubwibyo, hamwe nibintu bitandukanye, ibicuruzwa byayo birashobora kwerekana imiterere itandukanye yumubiri nubukanishi.Kurugero, irashobora kugabanywamo ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi bikomeye hamwe na plastike.Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa bya PVC bifite ibyiza byo gutuza imiti, kurwanya umuriro no kuzimya, kwambara birwanya, kurangurura urusaku no kunyeganyega, imbaraga nyinshi, kubika amashanyarazi neza, igiciro gito, amasoko yagutse, ibikoresho byiza, ubukana bwumwuka, nibindi bibi byacyo ni bibi ubushyuhe bwumuriro no gusaza byoroshye munsi yumucyo, ubushyuhe na ogisijeni.PVC resin ubwayo ntabwo ari uburozi.Niba ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri plasitiki idafite uburozi, stabilisateur nibindi bikoresho bifasha, ntabwo byangiza abantu ninyamaswa.Nyamara, ibyinshi muri plasitike na stabilisateur bikoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya PVC mubisanzwe bigaragara ku isoko ni uburozi.Kubwibyo, usibye ibicuruzwa bifite formulaire idafite uburozi, ntibishobora gukoreshwa mubiribwa.
1. Imikorere y'umubiri
PVC resin ni thermoplastique ifite imiterere ya amorphous.Munsi yumucyo ultraviolet, PVC ikomeye itanga florescence yubururu cyangwa ubururu bwerurutse, mugihe PVC yoroshye isohora ubururu cyangwa ubururu bwa fluorescence.Iyo ubushyuhe ari 20 ℃, igipimo cyo kugabanya ni 1.544 naho uburemere bwihariye ni 1.40.Ubucucike bwibicuruzwa bifite plastike hamwe nuwuzuza mubisanzwe biri hagati ya 1.15 ~ 2.00, ubucucike bwifuro ya PVC yoroshye ni 0.08 ~ 0.48, naho ubucucike bwifuro rikomeye ni 0.03 ~ 0.08.Amazi yinjira muri PVC ntashobora kurenza 0.5%.
Imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwa PVC biterwa nuburemere bwa molekuline ya resin, ibirimo plastike hamwe nuwuzuza.Uburemere buremereye bwa resinike, niko imiterere yubukanishi, ubukonje bukonje hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, ariko ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya nabwo burasabwa kuba hejuru, kuburyo bigoye kubikora;Uburemere buke bwa molekile ni ikinyuranyo cyavuzwe haruguru.Hamwe no kwiyongera kwuzuza ibintu, imbaraga zingana ziragabanuka.
2. Imikorere yubushyuhe
Ingingo yoroshye ya PVC resin yegereye ubushyuhe bwangirika.Yatangiye kubora kuri 140 ℃, kandi ibora vuba kuri 170 ℃.Kugirango hamenyekane uburyo busanzwe bwo kubumba, ibipimo bibiri byingenzi byerekana inzira ya PVC bisobanuwe, aribyo ubushyuhe bwangirika hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.Ubushyuhe bwitwa kubora nubushyuhe iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa hydrogène chloride irekuwe, kandi ibyo bita stabilite yumuriro nigihe igihe kinini cya hydrogène chloride itarekurwa mubihe bimwe na bimwe (ubusanzwe 190 ℃).PVC plastike izabora niba ihuye na 100 ℃ igihe kirekire, keretse iyo alkaline stabilisateur yongeyeho.Niba irenze 180 ℃, izabora vuba.
Igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa byinshi bya pulasitike PVC ntibigomba kurenga 55 but, ariko igihe kirekire cyo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwa plastike ya PVC hamwe na formula idasanzwe irashobora kugera kuri 90 ℃.Ibicuruzwa byoroshye bya PVC bizakomera ku bushyuhe buke.Molekile ya PVC irimo atome ya chlorine, bityo rero hamwe na copolymer zayo muri rusange birwanya umuriro, kuzimya no gutonyanga ubusa.
3. Guhagarara
Polyvinyl chloride resin ni polymer isa nkaho idahindagurika, nayo izangirika bitewe numucyo nubushyuhe.Inzira yacyo ni ukurekura hydrogen chloride no guhindura imiterere, ariko kurwego ruto.Muri icyo gihe, kubora bizihutishwa imbere yingufu za mashini, ogisijeni, umunuko, HCl hamwe na ion ikora ibyuma.
Nyuma yo gukuraho HCl muri resin ya PVC, iminyururu ibiri ihujwe ikorwa kumurongo nyamukuru, kandi ibara naryo rizahinduka.Mugihe ubwinshi bwa hydrogène chloride yangirika bwiyongera, ibisigazwa bya PVC bihinduka kuva cyera bihinduka umuhondo, roza, umutuku, umutuku ndetse n'umukara.
4. Imikorere y'amashanyarazi
Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ya PVC biterwa nubunini bwibisigisigi muri polymer nubwoko nubunini bwinyongera zitandukanye muri formula.Imiterere y'amashanyarazi ya PVC nayo ifitanye isano no gushyushya: mugihe ubushyuhe butera PVC kubora, insulire zayo z'amashanyarazi zizagabanuka bitewe na ioni ya chloride.Niba umubare munini wa ioni ya chloride idashobora guteshwa agaciro na stabilisateur ya alkaline (nk'umunyu wa gurş), amashanyarazi yabo azagabanuka cyane.Bitandukanye na polymers itari polarike nka polyethylene na polypropilene, amashanyarazi ya PVC ahinduka hamwe nubushyuhe, urugero, dielectric ihora igabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshuro.
5. Imiterere yimiti
PVC ifite imiti ihamye kandi ifite agaciro gakomeye nkibikoresho birwanya anticorrosive.
PVC ihamye kuri acide nyinshi zidasanzwe hamwe na base.Ntabwo izashonga iyo ishyushye kandi izabora kugirango irekure hydrogen chloride.Ibicuruzwa byijimye bidashobora gushonga byateguwe na azeotropy hamwe na hydroxide ya potasiyumu.Ubushobozi bwa PVC bujyanye nuburemere bwa molekuline nuburyo bwa polymerisation.Muri rusange, ibisubizo bigabanuka hamwe no kwiyongera kwuburemere bwa polymer molekuline, kandi gukomera kwamavuta yo kwisiga ni bibi kurenza ibyo guhagarika.Irashobora gushonga muri ketone (nka cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone), umusemburo wa aromatic (nka toluene, xylene), dimethylformyl, tetrahydrofuran.PVC resin ntishobora gukemuka muri plasitike mubushyuhe bwicyumba, kandi irabyimba cyane cyangwa irashonga mubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ability birashoboka
PVC ni polymer amorphous idafite aho ishonga.Ni plastiki iyo ishyutswe kugeza 120 ~ 150 ℃.Bitewe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, burimo HCl nkeya kuri ubu bushyuhe, buteza imbere kubora.Kubwibyo, alkaline stabilisateur na HCl bigomba kongerwamo kugirango bibuze reaction ya catalitiki.PVC isukuye nigicuruzwa gikomeye, gikeneye kongerwamo hamwe na plasitike ikwiye kugirango cyoroshe.Kubicuruzwa bitandukanye, inyongeramusaruro nka UV ikurura, yuzuza, amavuta, pigment, imiti irwanya mildew nibindi nibindi bigomba kongerwaho kugirango tunoze imikorere yibicuruzwa bya PVC.Kimwe nibindi bikoresho bya plastiki, imiterere ya resin igena ubuziranenge nogutunganya ibicuruzwa.Kuri PVC, imiterere ya resin ijyanye no gutunganya harimo ingano yubunini, ituze ryumuriro, uburemere bwa molekile, ijisho ryamafi, ubwinshi bwubwinshi, ubuziranenge, umwanda wamahanga hamwe nubushake.Imiterere ya viscosity na gelatinisation ya PVC paste, paste, nibindi bigomba kugenwa, kugirango tumenye neza uburyo bwo gutunganya nubwiza bwibicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-07-2022